Flow Measurements and Intestinal Digestibility Techniques

• Monday 12/02
• Reading: Calsamiglia, S. and M.D. Stern. 1995. A Three-Step in vitro Procedure for Estimating Intestinal Digestion of Protein in Ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1459-1465 | Facilitators: Spencer and Margaret
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Reading: Ahvenjärvi et al., 2000. Determination of reticulo-rumen and whole-stomach digestion in lactating cows by omasal canal or duodenal sampling. | Facilitators: Dave and Tiago
• Blog entry (inactive).

Regulation of Milk Protein Synthesis

• Wednesday 12/04
• Reading: Rius et al., 2010. Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids. | Facilitators: Mason and Michel
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Reading: Doepler et al., 2004. Milk protein synthesis as a function of amino acid supply.  | Facilitators: David and Heather
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Read Abstract:
• Doepel and LaPierre, 2010 Changes in production and mammary metabolism of dairy cows in response to essential and nonessential amino acid infusion.
• Mackle et al. 2004. Effects of insulin and postruminal supply of protein on use of amino acids by the mammary gland for milk protein synthesis.

Urea Recycling

• Thursday 12/05 — 3:30-5:30 pm 
• Reading: Martineau et al., 2011. Relation of net portal flux of nitrogen compounds with dietary characteristics in ruminants: A meta-analysis approach. | Facilitators: Clayton and David
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Reading: Lapierre et al., 2005. The route of absorbed nitrogen into milk protein. | Facilitators: Spencer and Tiago
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Read Abstract:
• Røjen and Kristensen 2012. Effect of time duration of ruminal urea infusions on ruminal ammonia concentrations and portal-drained visceral extraction of arterial urea-N in lactating Holstein cows.
• Røjen et al., 2011. Effects of nitrogen supply on inter-organ fluxes of urea-N and renal urea-N kinetics in lactating Holstein cows.
• Kristensen et al., 2010. Effect of dietary nitrogen content and intravenous urea infusion on ruminal and portal-drained visceral extraction of arterial urea in lactating Holstein cows.
• Reynolds and Kristensen, 2008. Nitrogen recycling through the gut and the nitrogen economy of ruminants: An asynchronous symbiosis.
• Lapierre and Lobley 2001. Nitrogen recycling in the ruminant: A review.

BUN, MUN Urine Urea-N Excretion

• Friday 12/06 
• Reading: Spek et al., 2013. Prediction of urinary nitrogen and urinary urea nitrogen excretion by lactating dairy cattle in northwestern Europe and North America: A meta-analysis. | Facilitators: Tawny and Christine
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Reading: Higgs et al., 2012. Development and evaluation of equations in the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System to predict nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows. | Facilitators: Christine and Margaret
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Read Abstract:
• Burgos et al., 2007. Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: Relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion.
• Kohn et al., 2005. Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, and rats.
• Powell et al., 2011. Short communication: Evaluation of milk urea nitrogen as a management tool to reduce ammonia emissions from dairy farms.

Protein x Energy Inefficiencies

• Monday 12/09 
• Reading: Dijkstra et al., 2011. Dietary strategies to reducing N excretion from cattle: Implications for methane emissions. | Facilitators: Mason and Tawny
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Reading: Klevenhusen et al., 2011. Enteric and manure-derived methane and nitrogen emissions as well as metabolic energy losses in cows fed balanced diets based on maize, barley or grass hay. | Facilitators: Spencer and Clayton
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Read Abstract:
• Lee et al., 2012. Effects of metabolizable protein supply and amino acid supplementation on nitrogen utilization, milk production, and ammonia emissions from manure in dairy cows.

Synthesis and Integration a) Nitrogen Section | b) Course Content Part I

• Thursday 12/12 — 3:30-5:30 pm
• Reading: Casamiglia et al., 2010. Strategies for optimizing nitrogen use by ruminants. Facilitators: Margaret and Tiago
• Blog entry (inactive).


• Homework: Please review the course content from the beginning of the semester and post a blog entry highlighting a connection, dichotomy, contrasting analysis of knowledge and understanding you have gained throughout the semester. Your entry needs to end with with open question to be discussed in class.
• Blog entry (inactive).

Synthesis and Integration Course Content Part II

• Friday 12/13 — 12:05-1:40 pm
• Homework: Please review the course content from the beginning of the semester and post a blog entry highlighting a connection, dichotomy, contrasting analysis of knowledge and understanding you have gained throughout the semester. Your entry needs to end with with open question to be discussed in class.
• Blog entry (inactive).