Mathematical Programs & Tools 

M2

Starts Macaulay2, a computer algebra system for algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. Note 'M' is capitalized.

magma

Starts Magma, a computer algebra system for finite groups. Available only on computers magma0-magma11.

maple

Starts Maple, an interactive or programmable computer algebra system similar to Macsyma or Mathematica. There are two additional packages called coxeter and weyl which may be used to study root systems and finite Coxeter groups.

matlab &

Starts Matlab, a matrix manipulation program.

wolfram

Starts mathematica, a matrix manipulation program.

Note that mathematica & will start from a linux GUI. 
To start mathematica from a command line interface, you may need to type just

wolfram