In the article "Support, Belonging, Motivation, and Engagement in the College Classroom: A Mixed Method Study," Zumbrunn, McKim, Buhs & Hawley present a model that elaborates on the relationship between classroom environments and student academic success. Their model consists of six elements: 

• Supportive classroom environment 
• Belonging
• Self-efficacy 
• Task value 
• Engagement 
• Achievement 

The following resources have been created to help you explore ways of fostering and building a sense of belonging in your classroom (large or small).

• Support, Belonging, Motivation, and Engagement in the College Classroom
• An Inventory of Supportive Instructor Practices
• Measurement of Student Experiences for Supportive Classroom Environment
• Observation Protocol for Supportive Classroom Environment
• Consultation Guide - INTERNAL USERS