Think-Aloud Pair Problem-Solving
| Instructor Prep Time | Medium |
|---|---|
| Student Activity Time | Low |
| Instructor Response Time | Medium |
| Complexity of Activity | Medium |
Description
Think-Aloud Pair Problem-Solving has student pairs receive a series of problems and are assigned specific roles that change with each question. The problem-solver thinks aloud about his/her problem-solving process. The partner listens, tries to understand the reasoning behind the steps, and offers suggestions if there are missteps.
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Use it when you want...
- Students to articulate their problem-solving process and listen to another’s process,
- To increase students’ awareness of the range of problem-solving approaches or
- To improve students' analytical skills by helping them formulate ideas, understand the sequence of steps underlying their thinking, and identify errors in another's reasoning.
What students will need
- There are no special requirements for this approach.
Workflow
The following workflow is meant to guide you on how you can facilitate a Think-Aloud Pair Problem-Solving learning activity within a classroom.
Pre-Class
- Develop a set of field-related problems that students can solve within a limited time frame. The topic should engage students in all stages of problem-solving skills: identifying the nature of a problem, analyzing the knowledge and skills required to reach a solution, identifying potential solutions, choosing the best solution, and evaluating outcomes.
In-Class
- Ask students to form pairs.
- Explain to them the roles of problem-solver and listener. Problem-solvers read the problem aloud and talk through the reasoning process in attempting to solve the problem. Listeners encourage the problem-solver to think aloud, ask clarification questions, and offer suggestions but refrain from solving the problem.
- Ask students to solve a set of problems, alternating roles with each new issue.
- End the activity when students have solved all problems.
- Review the students’ solutions to the problems they studied.
- Review the outcomes of the activity.
Accessibility and Room Considerations
- None
Technical Documentation
- None
Examples
Example 1
In Developing Language Skills for International Students, the professor taught English as a Second Language (ESL) students grammar skills. He used the Think-Aloud Pair Problem-Solving approach to create an activity where students use sentence diagramming to help them understand the relationship to the various parts of speech. First, he explained the process of diagramming. Next, he demonstrated the process by parsing and graphing several examples on the board. Finally, he had students form pairs and give each pair a set of sentences for them to the diagram. Students talked out loud as they made decisions. The other student listened and offered suggestions when necessary. After they completed all sentences, they selected one sentence, diagramed it on the board, and shared the process and rationale behind their solution with the class (Barkley 227-228).
Example 2
In Introduction to Statistics, the professor had students review a video lecture on regression analysis before class. She used Think-Aloud Pair Problem-Solving in class to have students practice the process. She prepared a handing that included problems with an attached printout of data. Students used this data to solve ten problems. Students were paired with the student next to them. She explained the roles of the problem-solver and the listener. The students worked on the issues, alternating between roles until all ten problems were solved. She spent the remaining time in a whole-class discussion to review the answers and clarify questions regarding the problem-solving process (Barkley 228-229).
Citation/Source
Barkley, Elizabeth F. et al. Collaborative Learning Techniques: A Handbook For College Faculty. Wiley, 2014. pp. 226-231.