Medicinal mushrooms, also known as “mycomedicinals,” and mushroom-derived polysaccharide preparations have been studied as immune modulators and adjuvant agents in cancer treatment. Mycomedicinals have been found to modify tumor response and improve immune function, primarily in patients with solid tumors. Mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides in their fruit bodies, or mycelia. The β-glucans of mushrooms resemble bacterial cell walls and complex with complement on macrophages to activate an immune response triggering the release of various cytokines that are active in tumor inhibition. The following describes several mycomedicinals and the research related to their use.

Mushrooms have a cell wall made of chitin, which is the same fiber contained in the shell of a lobster. Chitin is indigestible by humans but contains bioactive β-glucans and polysaccharides. Different extraction methods result in varied antitumor properties exhibited by the mushroom. Hot water extraction breaks down the chitinous cell walls and releases the bioactive polysaccharide structurally intact and undamaged. This is performed by simmering or boiling the mushroom in water for 20 to 120 minutes. Alcohol extraction is another common method that is used.

Note: Dietary supplements are intended to supplement the diet. They are not medicines and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure disease. In some cases, dietary supplements may have unwanted effects, especially if taken before surgery or with other dietary supplements or medicines, or if you have certain health conditions. Also, supplements are not regulated with the same degree of oversight as medications. Products vary greatly in terms of accuracy of labels, presence of contaminants, and the validity of claims on the label. Work with your health care provider to determine how best to achieve optimal health.