The part of leaf and twig growth of shrubs, woody vines, and trees that is available for animal consumption.

Fibrous structure that provides rigidity to the plant. The cell wall is composed of digestible fibrous carbohydrates (cellulose; hemicellulose and pectin) and an indigestible phenolic compounds (e.g., lignin and tannin).

To crush or grind (food) in the mouth by continued action of the teeth with the help of the tongue (syn to masticate).

Base of the stem where roots arise

A non-lactating cow. The dry period is the time between lactation, when the cow is not secreting milk.

A cow that has given birth more than once.

1. A young cow that is pregnant for the first time. 2. A cow that has given birth once.