University of Wisconsin KnowledgeBase University of Wisconsin KnowledgeBase Glossary

The degree with which a measurement matches the actual, true or target value (see also Precision).

Active Directory is a collection of network resources that can contain users, computers, printers, groups, and even other Active Directories. Active Directory services allow administrators to handle and maintain all network resources from a single location, providing users access to the network resources they need to get their work done. Active Directory is a feature primarily of Microsoft Windows, although other operating systems can participate in it to a limited degree.

AD services control much of the activity that goes on in WCER’s network environment. In particular, they make sure each person is who they claim to be (authentication), usually by checking the username and password they enter, and allow them to access only the data they’re allowed to use (authorization).

In general, WCER users don't need to know how to configure their computers to connect to the SoE domain. If your device is provided by WCER, Research IT has configured this for you.

An activity is an action that you can take for a submission. For example, if a study team wants to respond to pre-review issues, they would use the Send Issues Response activity. Activities are always listed on the left of each study workspace. The list of activities changes based on a user's role in ARROW and what state a submission is in.

The growth of body parts at different rates, resulting in a change of body proportions.

Ancillary Committees (ANC) are committees that have oversight for specific areas of a submission, such as investigational drugs, conflict of interest, or Veterans Affairs (VA) issues. These committees do not issue approval for the study a whole; only for their areas of oversight.

The IRB will forward submissions to the appropriate ancillary committee if review is needed and has not yet been provided. Ancillary committees may request  documentation from the study team that is additional to the IRB application completed in ARROW.

Protein released in the blood that is generated in reaction to a foreign protein (antigen) that has entered the body. Antibodies produce immunity against certain micro-organisms or their toxins.

1. Asynchronous learning is a student-centered teaching method that uses online learning resources to facilitate instruction that is not being delivered in person or in real time.  Discussion forums and recorded lectures are examples of asynchronous components in an online course.
   

Also known as a vacation message or an out of office message. Automatic reply is a rule that can be set in your Office 365 account that will automatically reply to incoming emails with a preset response for a preset amount of time.

Any of a group of chemical compounds, including sugars, starches, and cellulose, containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of 2:1.

A substance present in small amounts that increases the rate of chemical or biochemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

This is an activity in ARROW that allows the IRB staff reviewer to certify that an application does not constitute human subjects research.  This activity occurs in the Pre-review state.

110% of the Federal poverty rate for a family of four.

A hiring process that incorporates merit selection principles including objective criteria to evaluate job applicants and make hiring decisions.

Paid time off the job which is earned and accrued by an employee instead of immediate cash payment for overtime. Compensatory time may be used instead of vacation balance.

A Content Library is a type of notebook in Office 365's Class Notebook app. It is a notebook for teachers to share course materials with students. Teachers can add and edit its materials, but for students, the notebook is read-only.

Employment in a leave-earning position within the University of Wisconsin System or the State of Wisconsin that has not experienced a break in service longer than the reinstatement period for the applicable employment category. Continuous employment will be counted in determining an employee’s length of continuous service.

This is an activity in ARROW that allows the PI or POC to copy a reportable event application to another study.  For example, if a reportable event affects several studies open by the PI, the PI only needs to fill out the RE application one time and then copy it to the other affected studies.

C, one of the four process colors used in the CMYK printing process, blue in color

the degree of color or darkness of an image or photograph

A measure of the concentration of matter per unit of volume (e.g., g/l or kg/m3)

This is an activity in ARROW in which the IRB submission manager can deny a study team's request to reactivate a submission that was previously withdrawn by the IRB (e.g. due to lack of submission of a continuing review for a study that has an expired IRB approval).  Execution of this activity will result in email notification to the study team that the request to reactivate has been denied and the study team will need to start the submission process over.

This is an activity in ARROW in which the IRB submission manager can deny a study team's request to reopen a submission that was reported by the study team as completed or is in the closed state. 

A measure of the proportion of a feed that is digestible. The digestibility of a nutrient is often measured as the difference between the amount of nutrient ingested minus the amount of nutrient excreted in the feces, expressed as a percentage of the nutrient ingested: 100 x (intake - excreted)/intake.

A special index key that is associated with custom properties.

Values set that define and describe a document. There are seven for campus’ implementation of ImageNow: Drawer, Doctype, and five optionable/customizable keys. Discrete documents cannot have the same value for all of the key(s) otherwise they will be considered the same document and effectively merged.

The document lifecycle is the sequence of stages that a document goes through from its creation to its eventual archival or deletion. Proper procedures throughout the document’s lifecycle are an important part of content management.

This is a set of defined processes that help your KB Group obtain, organize, store and deliver information crucial to its operation in the most effective manner possible. The stages of a document’s lifecycle include: creation, publication (site access), categorizing (topics), keywords, metadata tagging, delivery or sharing, repurposing, review and reporting, archiving and / or deletion.

A non-lactating cow. The dry period is the time between lactation, when the cow is not secreting milk.

That part of the feed which is not water. It is usually determined by the residual weight of a sample placed for a period of time in a drying oven that removes the water from the sample. Usually, the dry matter content of a feed is expressed as a percentage. For example, an hay of 85% dry matter contains 85 g of dry matter for each 100 g of fresh feed.

A method of expressing the concentration of a nutrient in a feed. For example, a feed containing 12% crude protein on a dry matter basis contains 12 g of protein for each 100 g of feed dry matter

Quantity of dry matter ingested by a cow in a 24 h period. For example, a cow eating 18 kg of grass silage of 33% of dry matter ingest 18 x 0.33 = 6 kg of grass silage dry matter.

Benefits people derive from ecosystem. Ecosystem services are typically grouped in four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. (Source: Wikipedia)

An organism, animal or vegetal, at its early stage of development.

All employees of UW–Madison (including University Staff). Prior to July 1 2015, classified employees were under the provisions of Wis. Stat. Chapter 230 and were still limited to the $12,000 statutory cap.

Persons holding a title in the Employees-in-Training title group are normally acquiring additional training or experience in their field of specialization. Two examples of Employees-in-Training titles are Postdoctoral Fellow and Postgraduate Trainee.
Source: Office of Human Resources, Unclassified Title Guideline: Summary of Unclassified Appointment Types

A measure of the concentration of energy in a feed or a ration usually expressed as a unit of energy (megacalorie or megajoule) per lb of dry matter or per kg of dry matter.

Usually a protein that accelerates a biochemical reaction at body temperature, without being used up in the process (see also catalyst).

• The EPD Community is a central space within Socialcast where conversations can occur related to EPD events or outings, announcements on achievements or fun facts/stories, and anything else the department would like the EPD Community to become. 

The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion (Wikipedia).

Exchange ActiveSync (also known as EAS) is a communications protocol designed for the synchronization of email, contacts, calendar, tasks, and notes from a messaging server to a smartphone or other mobile devices. The protocol also provides mobile device management and policy controls.

An approved salary range that is greater than the assigned range for the title. An ESR is associated with one of the following 1) An incumbent position, 2) A title (e.g., clinical anesthetist), or 3) A portion of a title series (e.g., nurse practitioners, within the clinical nurse specialist series).

The UW-Madison faculty consists of all persons with instructional, research and service responsibilities who hold the rank of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, or instructor with at least a one-half time appointment with UW-Madison, or a full-time appointment held jointly between UW-Madison and UW-Extension.

A chain of carbon terminated by an acid (carboxyl) group (COOH). Fatty acids with less than 4 carbon units are volatile. Fatty acids with 5 to 20 carbon units are usually found as part of fats and oils.

Nutrient of low energy density present in large quantities in forages. Fiber is composed of structural carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) and phenolic compounds. Fiber is important for dairy cows because they stimulate rumination and promote a healthy rumen environment for bacterial growth. However, in large amounts in the diet, fiber may fill the rumen, limit intake of energy and constrain milk production.

Hemicellulose and cellulose that can be quantify by the neutral detergent fiber procedure.

The USDA Economic Research Service (ERS) defines food insecurity as a household characteristic. Food insecure households are those for which “consistent access to adequate food is limited by a lack of money and other resources at times during the year” (See more at: USDA-ERS).

The state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. During the first decade of this century, more than 800 million people live every day with hunger or food insecurity as their constant companion (see also National Academy of Science definitions).

Food security exists “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the three pillars of food security are: availability, access and (safe) utilization. In addition you can learn about the four dimensions of food insecurity at the FAO website.

Free/busy is a determination of whether there is a calendar event in a given time slot. Free designates time slots without events and busy designates time slots that are taken up in a person's calendar. Any account within Microsoft 365 will have the ability to view free/busy information against any other Office 365 account. Note: an event can be set to show as busy or free.

A three carbon sugar which form the backbone of triglycerides and other fats.

A sun-dried forage. A method of preserving forage by cutting the plant and letting it dry in the sun.

reoccurring unplanned spots that appear in the printed image from dust, lint, dried ink

This is a state in ARROW.  Studies in this state cannot be scheduled for an IRB meeting until the Ancillary Committee Review decision has been entered into the system.

1. Hybrid learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through delivery of content and instruction via digital and online media with some element of student control over time, place, path, or pace.  Can also be called Blended Learning.

Strong acid secreted by the abomasum that breaks down chemical bounds and thus contributes to the digestion of feeds.

Decomposition of a chemical compound by reaction with water.

Includes an employee's spouse, parents and children; an employee's and employee's spouse's immediate family members, grandparents, grandchildren, aunts and uncles, brothers and sisters and their spouses; children over the age of 18 and their spouses; and any other relative who resides in the same household as the employee.

This is an activity in ARROW that allows the IRB staff reviewer to close a study in the approved state once the study team has submitted a study completion report.

an outline drawing (see also trim box defintion)

The termination of service of a permanent employee based on a lack of funding, an organizational change, or a shortage of work.

A group of employees in a single title from which the layoff will be made. The layoff group will generally include all employees in a particular operational area that are in similar, although not necessarily identical, titles, pay ranges and/or functions.

The period starting with the effective date of the layoff and ending with the revocation of the employee’s mandatory placement rights or upon reemployment at UW–Madison.

LCA addresses the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts (e.g. use of resources and the environmental consequences of releases) throughout a product's life cycle from raw material acquisition through production, use, end-of-life treatment, recycling and final disposal (i.e. cradle-to-grave). There are four phases in an LCA study: a) the goal and scope definition phase, b) the inventory analysis phase, c) the impact assessment phase, and d) the interpretation phase (ISO 2006).

When an employee’s doctor or treating specialist has identified work restrictions, the university may offer the employee light or modified duty work. Light or modified duty work is defined as less physically demanding duties until the employee has reached end of healing, or is able to return to their previous position with or without restrictions

A one-time payment to an employee that does not increase the employee's salary.

Microsoft Lync (formerly Microsoft Office Communicator) and Microsoft Lync for Mac are instant messaging clients used with Microsoft Lync Server or Lync Online available with Microsoft Office 365. Lync is currently not available within UW-Madison's implementation of Office 365.

One of the 20 amino acids constituting the building blocks of proteins. Animals have a high requirement for lysine, and it is often deficient in proteins of plants.

all the activities required to prepare a press for printing

Office 365 is a cloud-based service provided by Microsoft. To see what features are available in UW-Madison's implementation, check here: Microsoft 365 - What features are included in Microsoft 365?

Morbidity is an incidence of ill health. It is measured in various ways, often by the probability that a randomly selected individual in a population at some date and location would become seriously ill in some period of time. Contrast to mortality.

is incidence of death in a population. It is measured in various ways, often by the probability that a randomly selected individual in a population at some date and location would die in some period of time. Contrast to morbidity.

The amount of energy in a feed which is available for milk production and body maintenance. Feeds generally are similar in total energy content but vary widely in the proportion of the total energy which is available for maintenance and milk production. The remainder of the energy in the feed is lost in the feces urine, gas belched form the rumen and excess heat production by the cow. In the cow, it takes 0.74 Mcal NEl to produce 1 kg of milk containing 4% fat and the net energy content of most feed range from 0.9 to 2.2 Mcal NEl per kg dry matter.

Carbohydrates that are not part of the neutral detergent fiber, but generally accumulate in the plant as energy reserve (e.g., starch). These carbohydrates usually are more rapidly and more completely digested than the fibrous carbohydrates (syn Non-structural carbohydrate).

(see non-fiber carbohydrate).

the amount of show-through on a printed sheet. The lesser the amount of show-through the thicker the paper, the more show-through the thinner the paper

An outside activity represents a relationship with an entity outside of the UW-Madison which, for the purposes of Conflict of Interest, may overlap with an individual's institutional responsibilities.  An outside activity may involve compensation, leadership, ownership or equity interest in an external entity.

transparent cover sheet on artwork often used for instructions

The taste and flavor property of a feedstuffs that make them more or less acceptable to be eaten.

(PMS) Industry standard for ink mixing

Payments to farmers or landowners who have agreed to take certain actions to manage their land or watersheds to provide an ecological service. As the payments provide incentives to land owners and managers, PES is a market-based mechanism, similar to subsidies and taxes, to encourage the conservation of natural resources.

The process by which the chlorophyll of plants converts carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars with the simultaneous release of oxygen.

Having more than one digestive cavity; Having a stomach divided into different chambers (e.g., ruminants).

In Microsoft 365, your primary address is the email address associated with your Microsoft 365 account that will appear as your "From" address on emails and calendar invites. It will also appear as a result in the global address look up feature in Microsoft 365. For further information, click here.

The passage connecting the stomach (abomasum) to the duodenum.

quantity

The probability that a test is positive, given that the animal has the disease (See also specificity).

The probability that a test is negative, given that the animal does not have the disease (see also sensitivity).

to keep each piece separate or independent

 The term refers to being at risk [given a specific set of contextual circumstances] of confirming a negative stereotype about one's social group as a self-characteristic [i.e., a personal trait]. For example, Let's say that you find yourself in a situation in which you realize that someone may have a steretotype about you [because of you physical appearance, gender or any other general characteristic of social group] and there is a part of you that is afraid that your [about to be undertaking] action and behavior will prove to that person that the stereotype is true. The concept was first introduced in seminal publication of Steele and Arsonson (1995) (see also ResearchGate link).

(see Fibrous carbohydrate).

Once a study team has submitted a study completion report, the study moves from the "Approved" state to the "Study Completed" state. The study remains in this state for a period of 18 months, during which time the study team can reopen the study.  After 18 months, the study is permanently archived. 

The IRB can suspend a study, automatically moving it to the "suspended" state rather than the "approved" state.  Once a study has been suspended, activities available to the study team are limited.  Study teams can initiate a change of protocol to address whatever caused the study to be suspended in the first place. 

The study team consists of the PI, the point of contact, and any other personnel listed as having edit/email or read-only access to study materials in the initial application smartform. 

This is an activity in ARROW that allows a PI or POC to submit their study completion report.  This activity is available in the following states for an initial review: Approved, Exemption Granted, Expired.  The study then transitions to the Study Completed state.

Sustainability is a holistic concept that built on three inter-related pillars: environmental, social and economic. To be sustainable, any entrepreneurial activity must be economically viable, ecologically healthy and socially equitable. A universal definition of sustainability was given for the first time by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in the Brundtland report published under the auspices of the United Nations in 1987.

Microsoft Sway is a presentation app available through Office 365 that allows you to create and share interactive reports, presentations, newsletters, personal stories, and more.

The intimate living together of two dissimilar organism in any of various mutually beneficial relationships.

1. Synchronous learning refers to a learning environment in which everyone takes part at the same time. Lecture is an example of synchronous learning in a face-to-face environment, where learners and teachers are all in the same place at the same time.

 A set of synergistic analytic skills used to improve the capability of identifying and understanding systems, predicting their behaviors, and devising modifications to them in order to produce desired effects (Arnold and Wade, 2015)

An at-will position with no expectation of continued employment, capped at 1,044 hours worked in 26 consecutive bi-weekly payroll periods, nonexempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act, and lasting one year or less (based on the start date of the appointment).

An employee serving a temporary appointment.

A two-lobed gland located in the throat and secreting the hormone thyroxin, which regulates the iodine metabolism in the body.

A fat composed of three fatty acids and glycerol.

Digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas and responsible for the break down of peptide bonds of proteins. Some plants contain a trypsin inhibitor that prevent trypsin from functioning properly.

University staff positions focus primarily on supporting education, research, and the campus infrastructure. If a position involves functions that are similar in nature to other positions in Wisconsin state government, the position is university staff. These positions include accountants, administrative support associates, nurses, microbiologists, and custodians.

1. University Staff hold positions in virtually every unit on campus. The University Staff positions are quite varied and duties include, but are not limited to, administrative support, information technology, accounting, engineering, in addition to custodial, food service, and craftsworkers and contribute daily to the quality and reputation of a University recognized and respected around the world. 

Particles that carry cholesterol and fat throughout the bloodstream. These particles are released from the liver into the bloodstream. They are similar to chylomicrons which originate from the gut because they both carry cholesterol and triglycerides which are gradually released in the bloodstream to be absorbed by body cells along the way. In the process of losing triglycerides, the VLDLs grow smaller and turn into LDLs (Low Density Lipoprotein) which have lost all their triglycerides.

Products of fermentation of carbohydrates (and some amino acids) by the rumen microorganisms. Acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid are the primary volatile fatty acids which are absorbed through the rumen wall and used as an energy source by the cow.

The number of days between calving and first attempt to breed a cow. A typical voluntary waiting period is 45 days. However, it may varies from less than 40 to 80 days depending on farmer’s preference and reproductive protocol in place on the farm.

The liquid fraction that remains after the separation of curd in cheese making. Its main food use is in the preparation of whey cheese, whey drinks and fermented whey drinks. The main industrial uses are in the manufacture of lactose, whey paste and dried whey.

Yellow (see Yellow definition)

Y, one of the four process colors used in the CMYK printing process, yellow in color